2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single, membrane-spanning, non-catalytic receptors usually expressed in sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes. Once these microbes have breached physical barriers such as the skin or intestinal tract mucosa, they are recognized by TLRs, which activate immune cell responses. The TLRs include TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10, TLR11, TLR12, and TLR13. Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in the early innate immune response to invading pathogens by sensing microorganism and are involved in sensing endogenous danger signals. TLRs are evolutionarily conserved receptors are homologues of the Drosophila Toll protein, discovered to be important for defense against microbial infection. TLRs recognize highly conserved structural motifs known as pathogen-associated microbial patterns (PAMPs), which are exclusively expressed by microbial pathogens.

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform Specific Products:

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0180R
    Imiquimod (Standard)
    		Agonist
    Imiquimod (Standard) is the analytical standard of Imiquimod. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Imiquimod (R 837), an immune response modifier, is a selective toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist. Imiquimod exhibits antiviral and antitumor effects in vivo. Imiquimod can be used for the research of external genital, perianal warts, cancer and COVID-19.
    Imiquimod (Standard)
  • HY-N1346R
    Robinin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Robinin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Robinin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Robinin is a flavonoid that can be extracted from the leaves of purple cowpea, inhibiting TGF-β, TLR4/NF-κB and TLR2-PI3k-AKT signaling pathways. Robinin exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. The combination of Robinin and Methotrexate (HY-14519) reduces inflammation in experimental arthritis, Robinin can decrease the Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) induced cardiac toxicity effect.
    Robinin (Standard)
  • HY-N0703R
    Schaftoside (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Schaftoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Schaftoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Schaftoside is a flavonoid found in a variety of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Eleusine indica. Schaftoside inhibits the expression of TLR4 and Myd88. Schaftoside also decreases Drp1 expression and phosphorylation, and reduces mitochondrial fission.
    Schaftoside (Standard)
  • HY-174313
    Antibacterial agent 284
    		Inhibitor
    Antibacterial agent 284 (Compound 7) is an Antibacterial agent. Antibacterial agent 284 has a zinc-binding structure and potent inhibitory activity against Legionella pneumophila metalloprotease ProA (IC50: 0.96 μM) with zinc-binding structure. Antibacterial agent 284 significantly inactivates the cleavage of collagen IV and flagellin (ProA substrates) and reduces immune evasion from the TLR5-NF-κB pathway and PMN-mediated inflammation in human lung tissue explants. Antibacterial agent 284 is promising for Legionnaires' disease research.
    Antibacterial agent 284
  • HY-B0180C
    Imiquimod dihydrochloride
    		Agonist
    Imiquimod (R 837) dihydrochloride, an immune response modifier, is a selective toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist. Imiquimod exhibits antiviral and antitumor effects in vivo. Imiquimod can be used for the research of external genital, perianal warts, cancer and COVID-19.
    Imiquimod dihydrochloride
  • HY-13773R
    Motolimod (Standard)
    		Agonist
    Motolimod (Standard) is the analytical standard of Motolimod. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Motolimod (VTX-2337;VTX-378) is a selective Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) agonist, with an EC50 of approximately 100 nM.
    Motolimod (Standard)
  • HY-P10718
    IMG-2005
    		Inhibitor
    IMG-2005 is a TLR signaling pathway inhibitor. IMG-2005 mimics the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain of MyD88, thereby preventing its homodimerization, which causes damage to tracheal epithelial cells and triggers pulmonary immune diseases.
    IMG-2005
  • HY-111582G
    BBIQ (GMP)
    		Agonist
    BBIQ (GMP) is BBIQ (HY-111582) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. BBIQ is a potent and selectively toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist with an EC50 of  59.1 nM. BBIQ is a powerful vaccine adjuvant that enhances innate immune responses.
    BBIQ (GMP)
  • HY-162579
    TLR7 agonist 22
    		Agonist
    TLR7 agonist 22 (Compound 11a) emerges as a selective TLR7 agonist with an IC50 value of 25.86 μM. TLR7 agonist 22 inhibits the cellular HBsAg secretion and effectively activates TLR7, thereby inducing the secretion of TLR7-regulated cytokines IL-12, TNF-αand IFN-αin human PBMC cells. TLR7 agonist 22 is a promising for research in the field of developing novel immunomodulatory anti-HBV agents.
    TLR7 agonist 22
  • HY-17589BR
    Chloroquine dihydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Chloroquine (dihydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Chloroquine (dihydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Chloroquine dihydrochloride is an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory agent widely used to treat malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine dihydrochloride is an autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs) inhibitor. Chloroquine dihydrochloride is highly effective in the control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in vitro (EC50=1.13 μM)[1][2][3][4].
    Chloroquine dihydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-17007S2
    Saquinavir-13C6
    		Inhibitor
    Saquinavir-13C6 (Ro 31-8959-13C6) is 13C labeled Saquinavir (HY-17007). Saquinavir (Ro 31-8959) is an orally active HIV protease inhibitor that can be used in the research of AIDS. Saquinavir also has anti-inflammatory activity and can induce apoptosis of human red blood cells.
    Saquinavir-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-13740R
    Resiquimod (Standard)
    		Agonist
    Resiquimod (Standard) is the analytical standard of Resiquimod. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Resiquimod is a Toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/TLR8) agonist that induces the upregulation of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-α.
    Resiquimod (Standard)
  • HY-107744R
    Nalmefene (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Nalmefene (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nalmefene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nalmefene is a long acting opioid (MOR and DOR antagonist), and a partial KOR agonist. Nalmefene is used for opioid overdose and alcohol dependence.
    Nalmefene (Standard)
  • HY-Y0278R
    Chloranil (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Chloranil (Standard) is the analytical standard of Chloranil. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Chloranil, an orally active metabolite of pentachlorophenol and hexachlorobenzene, is a widely used fungicide. Chloranil can induce ROS production. Chloranil induces neutrophil extracellular traps through the ROS-JNK-NOX2 pathway. Chloranil induces ferroptosis and neuroinflammation. Chloranil induces apoptosis of mouse embryonic stem cells.
    Chloranil (Standard)
  • HY-135811R
    Desethyl chloroquine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Desethyl chloroquine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Desethyl chloroquine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Desethyl chloroquine is a major desethyl metabolite of Chloroquine. Chloroquine diphosphate is an inhibitor of autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs). Desethyl chloroquine possesses antiplasmodic activity.
    Desethyl chloroquine (Standard)
  • HY-N0774R
    Isofraxidin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Isofraxidin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isofraxidin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation.
    Isofraxidin (Standard)
  • HY-118984
    CRX-526
    		Antagonist
    CRX-526 is a TLR4 antagonist that can block the interaction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, HY-D1056) with the immune system, including preventing the expression of pro-inflammatory genes stimulated by LPS, as well as blocking the release of TNF-α induced by LPS. CRX-526 exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in two mouse models of colitis (namely, the dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis model and the multidrug resistance gene 1a-deficient mouse model).
    CRX-526
  • HY-159916
    AYK004
    		Agonist
    AYK004 is a TLR7/8 agonist that enhances immune responses by activating the TLR signaling pathway. AYK004 is an adenine derivative with a favorable hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, which improves the loading capacity and stability in immunoadjuvant systems such as liposomes, while reducing the side effects of the immunoadjuvant system in systemic immunity .
    AYK004
  • HY-117573
    1Z105
    1Z105 is an oral active TLR4/MD2 ligand. 1Z105 enhances dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation and prevents rthritis.
    1Z105
  • HY-145530
    (S)-Hydroxychloroquine sulfate
    		Control
    (S)-Hydroxychloroquine ((S)-HCQ) sulfate is an isomer of Hydroxychloroquine (HY-W031727). (S)-Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (2.5-20 mg/mL) reduces the rate of insulin degradation in liver homogenates isolated from non-diabetic and diabetic rats. Formulations containing Hydroxychloroquine have been used in the study of malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
    (S)-Hydroxychloroquine sulfate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform Comparison

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